Sonic hedgehog gene therapy increases the ability of the dystrophic skeletal muscle to regenerate after injury.

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a crucial regulator of muscle development during embryogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) regulates postnatal myogenesis in the adult skeletal muscle both directly, by acting on muscle satellite cells, and indirectly, by promoting the production of growth factors from interstitial fibroblasts. Here, we show that in mdx mice, the murine equivalent of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, progression of the dystrophic pathology corresponds to progressive inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle. We also show that the upregulation of the Hh pathway in response to injury and during regeneration is significantly impaired in mdx muscle. Shh treatment increases the proliferative potential of satellite cells isolated from the muscles of mdx mice. This treatment also increases the production of proregenerative factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, from fibroblasts isolated from the muscle of mdx mice. In vivo, overexpression of the Hh pathway using a plasmid encoding the human Shh gene promotes successful regeneration after injury in terms of increased number of proliferating myogenic cells and newly formed myofibers, as well as enhanced vascularization and decreased fibrosis.

Indice de placa oclusal, estado dentario y niveles de Streptococcus mutans en niñas / Occlusal plaque index, dental status and Streptococcus mutans levels in girls

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la asociación entre el índice de placa oclusal, estado dentario, los surcos profundos y los niveles de Streptococcus mutans en saliva. Sobre 77 niñas que asisten a una escuela hogar de cpaital federal ser realizó: toma de saliva, siembra, incubación y detección de niveles de Streptococcus mutans (Sm) según Marcantoni, AAON 1999-2000; 28(4):6-10. Aplicación de solución reveladora Two tone(R) en molares y premolares sin caries visible y registro del índice oclusal según Piovano, S, 2002; 31(1):26-9. Registro del estado dentario que incluyó surcos profundos (SP). Los datos fueron analizados con un programa Spss, version 10.0. Los resultados mostraron: I.P.O=1,87+-0,07; CPOD=3,09+-0.23; Sm=2.00+-0,08. Asociación y correlación significativa X2=14,93 (P<0,0001) y rho=0,44 (P<0,0001) entre I.P.O y niveles de Streptococcus grupo mutans en saliva. No se observó asociación y correlación entre I.P.O y SP; I.P.O y CPOD, ceod o los componentes. El I.P.O se asoció con niveles microbianos y es un indicador de los múltiples para superficies vulnerables como son las oclusales

Indice de placa oclusal, estado dentario y niveles de Streptococcus mutans en niñas / Occlusal plaque index, dental status and Streptococcus mutans levels in girls

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la asociación entre el índice de placa oclusal, estado dentario, los surcos profundos y los niveles de Streptococcus mutans en saliva. Sobre 77 niñas que asisten a una escuela hogar de cpaital federal ser realizó: toma de saliva, siembra, incubación y detección de niveles de Streptococcus mutans (Sm) según Marcantoni, AAON 1999-2000; 28(4):6-10. Aplicación de solución reveladora Two tone(R) en molares y premolares sin caries visible y registro del índice oclusal según Piovano, S, 2002; 31(1):26-9. Registro del estado dentario que incluyó surcos profundos (SP). Los datos fueron analizados con un programa Spss, version 10.0. Los resultados mostraron: I.P.O=1,87+-0,07; CPOD=3,09+-0.23; Sm=2.00+-0,08. Asociación y correlación significativa X2=14,93 (P<0,0001) y rho=0,44 (P<0,0001) entre I.P.O y niveles de Streptococcus grupo mutans en saliva. No se observó asociación y correlación entre I.P.O y SP; I.P.O y CPOD, ceod o los componentes. El I.P.O se asoció con niveles microbianos y es un indicador de los múltiples para superficies vulnerables como son las oclusales (AU)

Correlación entre el índice de placa de superficies libres e índice de placa oclusal en niñas / Correlation between free surfaces plaque index and occlusal plaque index in girls

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la asociación y correlación entre el índice de placa oclusal e índice de placa de Loe y Silness en un grupo de niñas entre 6 y 12 años de edad que asisten a una Escuela Hogar de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Fue registrado el índice de placa de Loe y Silness (IP), en 309 molares y premolares, en las superficies vestibular, mesial, distal y lingual o palatino. En las mismas piezas fue registrado el índice de placa oclusal (IPO) según Macucho M. E. y colaboradores. (J. Dent. Res. 78(5): Abstr. 77, 1999). Se realizó la media aritmética y error estándar, X2, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y distribución de frecuencia de ambos índices. Los resultados mostraron un índice de placa oclusal e índice de superficies libres de Loe de X 1,65+-0,10 y 1,42+-0,08 respectivamente. Se observó asociación y correlación significativa (p<0,001) entre ambos índices: X2: 10,69; rho 0,49. La distribución de frecuencia de ambos índices en molares y premolares muestran algunas concordancias entre los grados de severidad de placa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si bien hay asociaciones y correlaciones, el registro simultáneo permitiría la obtención de índices de placa que incluyan todas las superficies dentarias

Correlación entre el índice de placa de superficies libres e índice de placa oclusal en niñas / Correlation between free surfaces plaque index and occlusal plaque index in girls

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la asociación y correlación entre el índice de placa oclusal e índice de placa de Loe y Silness en un grupo de niñas entre 6 y 12 años de edad que asisten a una Escuela Hogar de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Fue registrado el índice de placa de Loe y Silness (IP), en 309 molares y premolares, en las superficies vestibular, mesial, distal y lingual o palatino. En las mismas piezas fue registrado el índice de placa oclusal (IPO) según Macucho M. E. y colaboradores. (J. Dent. Res. 78(5): Abstr. 77, 1999). Se realizó la media aritmética y error estándar, X2, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y distribución de frecuencia de ambos índices. Los resultados mostraron un índice de placa oclusal e índice de superficies libres de Loe de X 1,65+-0,10 y 1,42+-0,08 respectivamente. Se observó asociación y correlación significativa (p<0,001) entre ambos índices: X2: 10,69; rho 0,49. La distribución de frecuencia de ambos índices en molares y premolares muestran algunas concordancias entre los grados de severidad de placa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que si bien hay asociaciones y correlaciones, el registro simultáneo permitiría la obtención de índices de placa que incluyan todas las superficies dentarias (AU)

[Clinical and microbiological study of adult periodontal disease]. / Estudio clínico y microbiológico de la enfermedad periodontal del adulto.

The aim of this study was to carry out a microbiological evaluation of sites with and without clinical evidence of moderate and severe periodontitis and their correlation with clinical parameters. A total of 52 disease sites and 10 healthy sites were selected according to clinical criteria. The following clinical indexes were measured for all the sites: plaque index, gingival index, blood on probing, depth on probing and insertion level. Samples of subgingival plaque were collected for culture and for differential counts of microbial morphotypes. In disease sites the most frequently isolated were: Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (65%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (23%), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10%) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (31%). The aerobic gram-positive microflora was predominant in healthy sites. Significant differences were observed in microbial morphotypes between healthy and disease sites: cocci 18.71% and 78.90%, motile rods 46.12% and 16.70%, total spirochetes 26.48% and 2.80%, respectively. The presence of motile rods, spirochetes and P. intermedia/nigrescens were the parameters with most sensitivity to suspect periodontal disease. There were significant differences in the subgingival microflora between healthy and disease sites in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis.

Estudio clínico y microbiológico de la enfermedad periodontal del adulto / Clinical and microbiological study of adult periodontal disease

The aim of this study was to carry out a microbiological evaluation of sites with and without clinical evidence of moderate and severe periodontitis and their correlation with clinical parameters. A total of 52 disease sites and 10 healthy sites were selected according to clinical criteria. The following clinical indexes were measured for all the sites: plaque index, gingival index, blood on probing, depth on probing and insertion level. Samples of subgingival plaque were collected for culture and for differential counts of microbial morphotypes. In disease sites the most frequently isolated were: Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (65), Porphyromonas gingivalis (23), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (31). The aerobic gram-positive microflora was predominant in healthy sites. Significant differences were observed in microbial morphotypes between healthy and disease sites: cocci 18.71 and 78.90, motile rods 46.12 and 16.70, total spirochetes 26.48 and 2.80, respectively. The presence of motile rods, spirochetes and P. intermedia/nigrescens were the parameters with most sensitivity to suspect periodontal disease. There were significant differences in the subgingival microflora between healthy and disease sites in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis.

Estudio clínico y microbiológico de la enfermedad periodontal del adulto / Clinical and microbiological study of adult periodontal disease

The aim of this study was to carry out a microbiological evaluation of sites with and without clinical evidence of moderate and severe periodontitis and their correlation with clinical parameters. A total of 52 disease sites and 10 healthy sites were selected according to clinical criteria. The following clinical indexes were measured for all the sites: plaque index, gingival index, blood on probing, depth on probing and insertion level. Samples of subgingival plaque were collected for culture and for differential counts of microbial morphotypes. In disease sites the most frequently isolated were: Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (65), Porphyromonas gingivalis (23), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (31). The aerobic gram-positive microflora was predominant in healthy sites. Significant differences were observed in microbial morphotypes between healthy and disease sites: cocci 18.71 and 78.90, motile rods 46.12 and 16.70, total spirochetes 26.48 and 2.80, respectively. The presence of motile rods, spirochetes and P. intermedia/nigrescens were the parameters with most sensitivity to suspect periodontal disease. There were significant differences in the subgingival microflora between healthy and disease sites in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis.(AU)

Estudio clínico y microbiológico de la enfermedad periodontal del adulto. / [Clinical and microbiological study of adult periodontal disease]

The aim of this study was to carry out a microbiological evaluation of sites with and without clinical evidence of moderate and severe periodontitis and their correlation with clinical parameters. A total of 52 disease sites and 10 healthy sites were selected according to clinical criteria. The following clinical indexes were measured for all the sites: plaque index, gingival index, blood on probing, depth on probing and insertion level. Samples of subgingival plaque were collected for culture and for differential counts of microbial morphotypes. In disease sites the most frequently isolated were: Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens (65

), Porphyromonas gingivalis (23

), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23

), Fusobacterium nucleatum (10

) and Peptostreptococcus sp. (31

). The aerobic gram-positive microflora was predominant in healthy sites. Significant differences were observed in microbial morphotypes between healthy and disease sites: cocci 18.71

and 78.90

, motile rods 46.12

and 16.70

, total spirochetes 26.48

and 2.80

, respectively. The presence of motile rods, spirochetes and P. intermedia/nigrescens were the parameters with most sensitivity to suspect periodontal disease. There were significant differences in the subgingival microflora between healthy and disease sites in patients with moderate and severe periodontitis.

Efecto del autocepillado con fosfato flúor acidulado pH 5.6 sobre la caries dental en niños / Effect of self-brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (pH5.6) on dental caries in children

El objeto de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de un programa preventivo sobre la placa dental y sobre la incidencia de caries en escolares. El programa incluyó autocepillado semanal supervisado con un gel de fluoruro de sodio acidulado con áacido fosfórico, pH 5.6 concentración 4520 ppm de ion F, sobre 240 niños de 1§, 3§ y 5§ grado de una escuela primaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La población fue dividida en 2 grupos: A experimental y B control. Noventa niños de ambos grupos (45 del experimental y 45 del control) fueron sometidos a un examen dentario clínico inicial registrandose el CPOD y el Indice de Placa (Loe y Silness, 1967) y un análisis microbiológico (Streptococcus totales, Streptococcus mutans y por ciento de Streptococcus mutans).Sobre los niños del grupo A fue aplicado un programa preventivo que incluyó autocepillado con gel de FFA (4520 ppm de ion F). La muestra de 90 niños fue monitoreada despues de 1 y 2 años de programa. Los resultados fueron procesados estadísticamente y revelaron lo siguiente: a-el CPOD fue significativamente mayor en el grupo control que en el grupo experimental despues de 1 y 2 años de programa; b- una reducción de la incidencia de caries del 81,43 por ciento al finalizar los 2 años de programa en el grupo experimental comparado con el grupo control; c-un aumento en el numero de colonias de estreptococos totales y de Streptococcus mutan; d-una reduccion en el porcentaje de Streptococcus mutans en la flora de estreptococos totales de la placa dental de niños en el grupo experimental; e-la presencia de colonias de Streptococcus mutans que presentaban una superficie rugosa; f-la efectividad del programa en modificar el perfil de la patología dental diagnosticada

Efecto del autocepillado con fosfato flúor acidulado pH 5.6 sobre la caries dental en niños / Effect of self-brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (pH5.6) on dental caries in children

El objeto de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de un programa preventivo sobre la placa dental y sobre la incidencia de caries en escolares. El programa incluyó autocepillado semanal supervisado con un gel de fluoruro de sodio acidulado con áacido fosfórico, pH 5.6 concentración 4520 ppm de ion F, sobre 240 niños de 1º, 3º y 5º grado de una escuela primaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La población fue dividida en 2 grupos: A experimental y B control. Noventa niños de ambos grupos (45 del experimental y 45 del control) fueron sometidos a un examen dentario

Effect of self-brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (pH 5.6) on dental caries in children.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43% reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the % of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.

Effect of self-brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (pH 5.6) on dental caries in children

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43

reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the

of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.

Effect of self-brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (pH 5.6) on dental caries in children.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of a preventive program on the dental plaque and on the caries incidence in school children. The program comprised weekly supervised self brushing with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (pH 5.6; concentration: 4520 ppm of ion F-). The program involved 240 children of 1st., 3rd and 5th grade of a primary school in the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina). The population was divided in 2 groups: A (experimental) and B (control). Ninety children from both groups (45 experimental and 45 control) were submitted to baseline clinical examination (DMFT and plaque index) and microbiological analysis (total streptococci, St mutans and St. mutans and St. mutans percentage). Group A was then submitted to a preventive program which included self brushing with APF gel (4520 ppm of ion F-). The 90-children sample was monitored after 1 and 2 years of program. Results were statistically processed and they revealed the following: a--DMFT was significantly greater in the control group than in the experimental group after 1 and 2 years of program; b--an 81.43

reduction in caries increment rate at the end of the 2-years program in the experimental group as compared to the control group; c--a rise in the number of colonies of total streptococci and of St. Mutans; d--a reduction in the

of St. mutans in the total streptococci flora in the plaque of children in the experimental group; e--the presence of St. mutans colonies featuring a rough surface; f--the effectiveness of the program in the modifying the profile of the diagnosed dental pathology.

Changes in the shape and optical properties of the chicken lens after vitreous and scleral removal.

Ocular dimensions and lens refractive properties were studied in enucleated eyes from 5-day old chicken (Gallus domesticus). Measurements were made in frozen hemisections and in fresh eyes sectioned through a para-equatorial plane. In these specimens, lens properties were examined after systematical removal of the vitreal mass. This procedure caused significant changes in lens diameter and refractive properties. Our data indicate that avian lens shape could be controlled by vitreal pressure and/or scleral support.

[Immunologic identification of Streptococcus mutans using microimmunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis technics]. / Identificación inmunológica de Streptococcus mutans por técnicas de microinmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis.

The St. mutans strains studied were: HS6 "a"; BHT "b"; IB "c"; B13 "d"; LM7 "e"; OMZ175 "f"; OMZ65 "g"; SL1 "SL"; 6715 "d/g". Immune sera and antigen preparation as well as antigen-antibody reactions were performed using the above-mentioned strains. The immune sera were obtained following Knox technique, including formolated immunogen with and without adjuvant. Linzer method was followed for rabbit immunization. The antigen extract were prepared according to Rantz and Randall method. The antigen-antibody reaction were carried out by microimmunodiffusion (MID) Ouchterlony technique and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) according to De Torres method. A good correlation was found in the antigen-antibody reactions for the serotypes studied. MID and CIE revealed some cross-reactions, as already described by many investigators. The results obtained are compatible with St. mutans antigenic instability. The eight serotypes from St. mutans could possibly be reduced to four related groups: Group 1: serotypes "a-d-g-SL"; Group 2: serotype "e-f"; Group 3: serotype "c" (uncertain position: it can be related with group 1 or 2); Group 4: serotype "b". CIE is a convenient technique to be incorporated for immunological determination.

Identificación inmunológica de Streptococcus mutans por técnicas de microinmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis / Immunological identification of Streptococcus mutans by microimmunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques

Se efectuó la identificación inmunológica de St. mutans por técnicas de micro-inmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis. Las cepas de St. mutans utilizadas fueron: HS6; BHT; IB;B13; LM7;OMZ175; OMZ65; SL1; 6715. La obtención de sueros inmunes se realizó con inmunógenos formolados con y sin adyuvantes. La preparación de antígenos se realizó según la metodología de Rantz y Randall. Los resultados evidenciaron correspondencia entre antígenos y anticuerpo para su serotipo y reacciones de identidad con otros grupos serológicos con ambas técnicas empleadas, excepto el serotipo "g" que por contrainmunoelectroforesis no reaccionó con su grupo y presentó reacción identidad con los serotipos "a" y "d". Es posibles que los 8 serotipos de St. mutans puedan ser reducidos a 4 grupos relacionados: Grupo 1, integrado por los serotipos "a", "d", "g" y "SL", Grupo 2, integrado por los serotipos "e" y "f", Grupo 3, integrado por serotipo "c", de ubicación incierta, puediendo relacionarse con los del grupo 1 ó 2, y Grupo 4, que incluiría al serotipo "b". La contrainmunoelectroforesis podría ser incorporada en la determinación de cepas de St. mutans por su simplicidad, rápida ejecución, sensibilidad y especificidad

Identificación inmunológica de Streptococcus mutans por técnicas de microinmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis / Immunological identification of Streptococcus mutans by microimmunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques

Se efectuó la identificación inmunológica de St. mutans por técnicas de micro-inmunodifusión y contrainmunoelectroforesis. Las cepas de St. mutans utilizadas fueron: HS6; BHT; IB;B13; LM7;OMZ175; OMZ65; SL1; 6715. La obtención de sueros inmunes se realizó con inmunógenos formolados con y sin adyuvantes. La preparación de antígenos se realizó según la metodología de Rantz y Randall. Los resultados evidenciaron correspondencia entre antígenos y anticuerpo para su serotipo y reacciones de identidad con otros grupos serológicos con ambas técnicas empleadas, excepto el serotipo "g" que por contrainmunoelectroforesis no reaccionó con su grupo y presentó reacción identidad con los serotipos "a" y "d". Es posibles que los 8 serotipos de St. mutans puedan ser reducidos a 4 grupos relacionados: Grupo 1, integrado por los serotipos "a", "d", "g" y "SL", Grupo 2, integrado por los serotipos "e" y "f", Grupo 3, integrado por serotipo "c", de ubicación incierta, puediendo relacionarse con los del grupo 1 ó 2, y Grupo 4, que incluiría al serotipo "b". La contrainmunoelectroforesis podría ser incorporada en la determinación de cepas de St. mutans por su simplicidad, rápida ejecución, sensibilidad y especificidad (AU)